Objectives
1. Define Ecology
2. Observe how the environment influences life
3. Explain how competition affects population growth
4. List the factors that influences changes in a population
5. Explain how organisms interact in an ecosystem
6. Describe an ecosystem
7. Explain the energy flow in a food chain, a food web and an energy pyramid
8. Compare producers, consumers, and decomposer
9. Explain how climate influences life in an ecosystem
10. Describe the importance of the earth’s water cycle
11. Know Biomes
12. Describe adaptations of different species of animals in terms of mobility, sensing the environment, protection, getting food, and reacting to seasonal changes in the environment
13. Describe survival behaviors of common organisms
14. Identify ways in which humans have changed their environment and the effects of these changes
Vocabulary
1. Producer
2. Herbivore
3. Omnivore
4. Decomposer
5. Consumer
6. Carnivore
7. Scavenger
8. Food Chain
9. Food Web
10. Energy Pyramid
11. Biome
12. Desert
13. Unerstory
14. Grassland
15. Sananna
16. Deciduous
17. Coniferous
18. Tundra
19. Permafrost
20. Organism
21. Habitat
22. Biotic Factor
23. Abiotic Factor
24. Photosynthesis
25. Species
26. Population
27. Community
28. Ecosystem
29. Ecology
30. Natural Selection
31. Adaptations
32. Niche
33. Competition
34. Predation
35. Predator
36. Prey
37. Symbosis
38. Mutualism
39. Commensalism
40. Parasitism
41. Parasite
42. Host
Unit 6 - Interactions of Organisms - Ecosystems and Biomes
Ecosystems – the community of organisms living in a particular area along with their non living surroundings
Ex. small -rotting log large - a forest.
Organisms in an Ecosystem
Biotic – living part of an environment
Abiotic – non living part of the environments
What would the biotic and abiotic parts of a log be?
Niche – the role of an organism in its environment
1. Type of food an organism eats
2. when/how an organism reproduces
3. physical conditions required to survive
Niches include:
Producers – an organism that can make its own food
Consumers – organism that obtains energy from other organisms
Herbivores – only eat plants
Carnivores – only eat meat
Predators – the organism that does the killing
Omnivores – eat both plants and animals
Interdependence -
Interdependence is shown with:
Food Chains – a series of events in which one organism eats another to obtain energy
Food Webs – consists of may overlapping food chains in an area
Roles in Ecosystems
The Clean-Up Squads:
Scavengers –a carnivore that feeds on the body of dead organisms
Decomposers – break down wastes and the bodies of dead organisms and return the raw materials to the ecosystem.
Plants in the Environment
Critical part of any ecosystem - do many things such as: create oxygen and provide the majority of producers in an environment
Relationships - Interdependence in Ecosystems
Symbiosis – a close relationship between two organism of different species that benefits at least one of the organisms
Interdependence between species - symbiosis:
There are three different types of symbiotic relationships:
1. Commensalism
ex. a bird using a tree to build its nest in, barnacles on a whale, An orchid plant will attach itself high up a tree trunk to have a safe, sheltered place to grow and receive water dripping down the tree trunk. The tree trunk which provides the habitat for the orchid seems to neither be harmed nor benefit from the relationship)
2. Mutualism
ex.(lichen (algae and fungi) growing in the Arctic Tundra benefit each other) (flower Clusia provides medicine to bees)
3. Parasitism -
(tapeworm in a human host)
(Mexican bean beetle is a plant parasite)
Symbiotic relationships are only a few ways that organisms interact with one another within an ecosystem. Every move an organism makes has the power to effect the whole ecosystem.
ex. Like when a family of beavers make a dam, the stream below the dam dries up, killing the water organisms that need the water to survive. Above the dam, a pond changes the habitat and limits the kinds of organisms that can survive there. For every action in an ecosystem there is a resulting effect and reaction which will change the make-up of the ecosystem in some way.
Populations
Population – all of the members of one species in a particular area
Factors affecting Populations
Food, water, shelter, other things that it needs to live and grow and reproduce from its environment
Adaptations
Adaptation – he behaviors and physical characteristics that allow organism to live successfully in their environments
Biomes
Living organisms are usually found only in regions that suit them.
Biome – a group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms
Biomes of the world
Rain Forest
Desert
Grassland
Decidious Forest
Boreal Forest
Tundra
Human Impacts on Ecosystems
Natural Resources – anything in the environment that is used by people
Nonrenewable source – natural resource that are not replaced in a useful time frame
1. Define Ecology
2. Observe how the environment influences life
3. Explain how competition affects population growth
4. List the factors that influences changes in a population
5. Explain how organisms interact in an ecosystem
6. Describe an ecosystem
7. Explain the energy flow in a food chain, a food web and an energy pyramid
8. Compare producers, consumers, and decomposer
9. Explain how climate influences life in an ecosystem
10. Describe the importance of the earth’s water cycle
11. Know Biomes
12. Describe adaptations of different species of animals in terms of mobility, sensing the environment, protection, getting food, and reacting to seasonal changes in the environment
13. Describe survival behaviors of common organisms
14. Identify ways in which humans have changed their environment and the effects of these changes
Vocabulary
1. Producer
2. Herbivore
3. Omnivore
4. Decomposer
5. Consumer
6. Carnivore
7. Scavenger
8. Food Chain
9. Food Web
10. Energy Pyramid
11. Biome
12. Desert
13. Unerstory
14. Grassland
15. Sananna
16. Deciduous
17. Coniferous
18. Tundra
19. Permafrost
20. Organism
21. Habitat
22. Biotic Factor
23. Abiotic Factor
24. Photosynthesis
25. Species
26. Population
27. Community
28. Ecosystem
29. Ecology
30. Natural Selection
31. Adaptations
32. Niche
33. Competition
34. Predation
35. Predator
36. Prey
37. Symbosis
38. Mutualism
39. Commensalism
40. Parasitism
41. Parasite
42. Host
Unit 6 - Interactions of Organisms - Ecosystems and Biomes
Ecosystems – the community of organisms living in a particular area along with their non living surroundings
Ex. small -rotting log large - a forest.
Organisms in an Ecosystem
Biotic – living part of an environment
Abiotic – non living part of the environments
What would the biotic and abiotic parts of a log be?
Niche – the role of an organism in its environment
1. Type of food an organism eats
2. when/how an organism reproduces
3. physical conditions required to survive
Niches include:
Producers – an organism that can make its own food
Consumers – organism that obtains energy from other organisms
Herbivores – only eat plants
Carnivores – only eat meat
Predators – the organism that does the killing
Omnivores – eat both plants and animals
Interdependence -
Interdependence is shown with:
Food Chains – a series of events in which one organism eats another to obtain energy
Food Webs – consists of may overlapping food chains in an area
Roles in Ecosystems
The Clean-Up Squads:
Scavengers –a carnivore that feeds on the body of dead organisms
Decomposers – break down wastes and the bodies of dead organisms and return the raw materials to the ecosystem.
Plants in the Environment
Critical part of any ecosystem - do many things such as: create oxygen and provide the majority of producers in an environment
Relationships - Interdependence in Ecosystems
Symbiosis – a close relationship between two organism of different species that benefits at least one of the organisms
Interdependence between species - symbiosis:
There are three different types of symbiotic relationships:
1. Commensalism
ex. a bird using a tree to build its nest in, barnacles on a whale, An orchid plant will attach itself high up a tree trunk to have a safe, sheltered place to grow and receive water dripping down the tree trunk. The tree trunk which provides the habitat for the orchid seems to neither be harmed nor benefit from the relationship)
2. Mutualism
ex.(lichen (algae and fungi) growing in the Arctic Tundra benefit each other) (flower Clusia provides medicine to bees)
3. Parasitism -
(tapeworm in a human host)
(Mexican bean beetle is a plant parasite)
Symbiotic relationships are only a few ways that organisms interact with one another within an ecosystem. Every move an organism makes has the power to effect the whole ecosystem.
ex. Like when a family of beavers make a dam, the stream below the dam dries up, killing the water organisms that need the water to survive. Above the dam, a pond changes the habitat and limits the kinds of organisms that can survive there. For every action in an ecosystem there is a resulting effect and reaction which will change the make-up of the ecosystem in some way.
Populations
Population – all of the members of one species in a particular area
Factors affecting Populations
Food, water, shelter, other things that it needs to live and grow and reproduce from its environment
Adaptations
Adaptation – he behaviors and physical characteristics that allow organism to live successfully in their environments
Biomes
Living organisms are usually found only in regions that suit them.
Biome – a group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms
Biomes of the world
Rain Forest
Desert
Grassland
Decidious Forest
Boreal Forest
Tundra
Human Impacts on Ecosystems
Natural Resources – anything in the environment that is used by people
Nonrenewable source – natural resource that are not replaced in a useful time frame