1.Cell Organelle Structure and Function
2 Photosynthesis – reactants and products
3.Cellular Respiration– reactants and products
4.Asexual reproduction – mitosis, daughter cell compared to parent cell
5. Microscope – magnification, use, making a coverslip
6.Abnormal cell division
Unit Test Review
Photosynthesis is carried out by plants, alga and blue-green bacteria (autotrophs). It takes the radiant energy of the sun and puts it in the bonds of sugar molecules. Photosynthesis occurs mostly in the chloroplast of plant cells.
a. Plants have stomates, small holes in their leaves that let them exchange the gasses used in photosynthesis. Guard cells open and close the stomates.
C. Respiration: Organisms get energy by breaking the bonds of sugar molecules. The released energy is used to make a molecule of ATP, which gives all organisms their energy.
1. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, and yields more ATP (energy) for a molecule of
sugar than anaerobic (no oxygen) respiration.
2. When humans are forced to get energy from anaerobic respiration, we produce lactic acid that damages muscles (“the burn” you feel during exercise).
3. Photosynthesis and Aerobic Respiration are opposite reactions! They are also important in cycling oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and water through the environment.
Transport:
Diffusion: movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations. Requires no energy (passive transport).
Active Transport requires the use of energy, usually moving molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration (against the flow of diffusion).
Osmosis is the diffusion of water into or out of the cell. If water diffuses into the cell, the cell swells (get larger) and may burst. If it loses water (being put in salt water for example) it will shrivel up.
Cells- Cells are the basic unit of life. All living things (except viruses) are made of cells.
1. You must know the cell theory (all living things are made of cells).
2. You must know the differences between plant and animal cells.
3. You must know the following organelles: cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm, ribosome, vacuole, mitochondria
4. The cell membrane is made of lipids and proteins. It shows selective permeability – that is only some molecules can pass through it (typically small molecules like water and oxygen).
Large molecules (like starch or protein) need to be moved by active transport.
a. NOTE: Students often assume cells have a cell wall OR a cell membrane. ALL cells have a cell membrane, including those with cell walls (plants, fungi, some bacteria and protists). The cell wall is mostly for protection; the cell membrane is needed to control movement into and out of the cell
Mitosis
1. Asexual
2. One division => two identical, diploid (2n) cells.
3. Chromosome number in the daughter cells is the same as in the parent cell.
4. Large organisms use mitosis for growth and healing. Simple organisms use it to reproduce.
2 Photosynthesis – reactants and products
3.Cellular Respiration– reactants and products
4.Asexual reproduction – mitosis, daughter cell compared to parent cell
5. Microscope – magnification, use, making a coverslip
6.Abnormal cell division
Unit Test Review
Photosynthesis is carried out by plants, alga and blue-green bacteria (autotrophs). It takes the radiant energy of the sun and puts it in the bonds of sugar molecules. Photosynthesis occurs mostly in the chloroplast of plant cells.
a. Plants have stomates, small holes in their leaves that let them exchange the gasses used in photosynthesis. Guard cells open and close the stomates.
C. Respiration: Organisms get energy by breaking the bonds of sugar molecules. The released energy is used to make a molecule of ATP, which gives all organisms their energy.
1. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, and yields more ATP (energy) for a molecule of
sugar than anaerobic (no oxygen) respiration.
2. When humans are forced to get energy from anaerobic respiration, we produce lactic acid that damages muscles (“the burn” you feel during exercise).
3. Photosynthesis and Aerobic Respiration are opposite reactions! They are also important in cycling oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and water through the environment.
Transport:
Diffusion: movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations. Requires no energy (passive transport).
Active Transport requires the use of energy, usually moving molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration (against the flow of diffusion).
Osmosis is the diffusion of water into or out of the cell. If water diffuses into the cell, the cell swells (get larger) and may burst. If it loses water (being put in salt water for example) it will shrivel up.
Cells- Cells are the basic unit of life. All living things (except viruses) are made of cells.
1. You must know the cell theory (all living things are made of cells).
2. You must know the differences between plant and animal cells.
3. You must know the following organelles: cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, chloroplast, cytoplasm, ribosome, vacuole, mitochondria
4. The cell membrane is made of lipids and proteins. It shows selective permeability – that is only some molecules can pass through it (typically small molecules like water and oxygen).
Large molecules (like starch or protein) need to be moved by active transport.
a. NOTE: Students often assume cells have a cell wall OR a cell membrane. ALL cells have a cell membrane, including those with cell walls (plants, fungi, some bacteria and protists). The cell wall is mostly for protection; the cell membrane is needed to control movement into and out of the cell
Mitosis
1. Asexual
2. One division => two identical, diploid (2n) cells.
3. Chromosome number in the daughter cells is the same as in the parent cell.
4. Large organisms use mitosis for growth and healing. Simple organisms use it to reproduce.