Respiration
Respiration – is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose
During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain
· During photosynthesis, plants capture energy from sunlight and “save” it in the form of carbohydrates (sugars & starches)
· When your cells need energy, they breakdown the carbohydrates (sugars & starches) in the process of respiration
The Two Stages of Respiration:
1st Stage –
· takes place in the cytoplasm of the organelle’s cells
· molecules of glucose are broken down into smaller molecules
**Oxygen is NOT involved!!!**
2nd Stage –
· takes place in the mitochondria
· the molecules are broken down into even smaller molecules – these chemical reactions require oxygen
**Mitochondria are sometimes called the “powerhouse” of the cell because they release a great deal of energy in stage 2!!**
When you breathe in, you take in oxygen (a material for respiration) and when you breathe out, you release carbon dioxide and water (products of respiration)
The Respiration Equation:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 - - - - - - - -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy
A sugar Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water
Raw materials for respiration are sugar and oxygen. Plants and other organisms that undergo photosynthesis make their own sugar
Meanwhile, glucose in the cells of animals and other organisms comes from the food they consume
Together, photosynthesis and respiration form a cycle that keeps the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide fairly constant in Earth’s atmosphere – living things use both gases over and over again!
Fermentation – an energy-releasing process that does NOT require oxygen!! - single-celled organisms that live where there is no oxygen, such as in the ocean or in the mud of lakes swaps, obtain energy without using oxygen!
The amount of energy released from each sugar molecule during fermentation is much lower than the amount released during respiration
Alcohol Fermentation – this occurs when yeast and other single-celled organisms break down sugars – it’s called alcohol fermentation because alcohol is one of the products; the other products are CO2 and a small amount of energy
Alcohol fermentation is important for bakers and brewers – the CO2 produced by yeast creates air pockets in bread dough, causing it to rise!
Ever run as fast as you could, in a race? What occurs?
Lactic Acid Fermentation – this takes place in your body! It occurs when your muscle cells use up the oxygen faster than it can be replaced, and since your cells lack oxygen, fermentation occurs – one product of this fermentation is acid and when it builds up, you feel a painful sensation in your muscles – your muscles feel weak and sore!
Respiration – is the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose
During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain
· During photosynthesis, plants capture energy from sunlight and “save” it in the form of carbohydrates (sugars & starches)
· When your cells need energy, they breakdown the carbohydrates (sugars & starches) in the process of respiration
The Two Stages of Respiration:
1st Stage –
· takes place in the cytoplasm of the organelle’s cells
· molecules of glucose are broken down into smaller molecules
**Oxygen is NOT involved!!!**
2nd Stage –
· takes place in the mitochondria
· the molecules are broken down into even smaller molecules – these chemical reactions require oxygen
**Mitochondria are sometimes called the “powerhouse” of the cell because they release a great deal of energy in stage 2!!**
When you breathe in, you take in oxygen (a material for respiration) and when you breathe out, you release carbon dioxide and water (products of respiration)
The Respiration Equation:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 - - - - - - - -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy
A sugar Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water
Raw materials for respiration are sugar and oxygen. Plants and other organisms that undergo photosynthesis make their own sugar
Meanwhile, glucose in the cells of animals and other organisms comes from the food they consume
Together, photosynthesis and respiration form a cycle that keeps the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide fairly constant in Earth’s atmosphere – living things use both gases over and over again!
Fermentation – an energy-releasing process that does NOT require oxygen!! - single-celled organisms that live where there is no oxygen, such as in the ocean or in the mud of lakes swaps, obtain energy without using oxygen!
The amount of energy released from each sugar molecule during fermentation is much lower than the amount released during respiration
Alcohol Fermentation – this occurs when yeast and other single-celled organisms break down sugars – it’s called alcohol fermentation because alcohol is one of the products; the other products are CO2 and a small amount of energy
Alcohol fermentation is important for bakers and brewers – the CO2 produced by yeast creates air pockets in bread dough, causing it to rise!
Ever run as fast as you could, in a race? What occurs?
Lactic Acid Fermentation – this takes place in your body! It occurs when your muscle cells use up the oxygen faster than it can be replaced, and since your cells lack oxygen, fermentation occurs – one product of this fermentation is acid and when it builds up, you feel a painful sensation in your muscles – your muscles feel weak and sore!